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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN S.I AND C.I ENGINES

Criteria S.I. Engine (Petrol or Spark Ignition Engine) C.I. Engine (Diesel or Compression Ignition Engine) Working Cycle Works on Otto Cycle or Constant Volume Cycle. Works on Diesel Cycle. Mixture During Suction Stroke Takes a mixture of air and petrol during the suction stroke. Takes only air during the suction stroke. Fuel Used Uses petrol as fuel. Uses diesel as fuel. Compression Ratio Has a compression ratio that varies from 6 to 10. Has a compression ratio that varies from 16 to 20. Engine Weight and Cost S.I. engines are lighter and cheaper. C.I. engines are heavier and costlier. Initial Cost Initial cost is lower compared to C.I. engines. Initial cost is high due to high compression ratio. Starting Starting is easy. Starting is difficult, especially in cold conditions. ...

CHAPTER -1 (PROPERTIES OF FLUID)

There are various properties of fluid 1.) MASS DENSITY -   It is defined as mass of fluid per unit volume. It is generally denoted by ρ (Rho). S.I unit = kg/m³  The mass density of water is taken as 1000 kg/ m³ at 4°C 2.) SPECIFIC WEIGHT.   -   It may be defined as the weight of fluid per unit volume.It is generally denoted by w. S.I unit = N/m³ It is increase with increase in pressure. The specific weight of water is taken as 9810 N/m³ at 4°C. IMPORTANT NOTE:-  *Relationship between specific weight and mass density:- w = ρ× g Specific weight = (mass density × Acceleration due to gravity) 3.) SPECIFIC VOLUME -  It may be defined as the volume occupied by the fluid per unit mass. It is generally denoted by v.                                 OR  It may be defined as the reciprocal of mass density. It commonly applied to gasses. v = 1/p Specific volume = 1/ Rho S.I ...

CHAPTER-1 (FLUIDS AND TYPES OF FLUID)

FLUID  - A fluid may be defined as a substance which capable of flowing and offers no resistance to the change. CLASSIFICATION -  1.) Liquid -  it occupy definite volume eg:- Water ,oil ,honey , glycerine , paint , blood etc. 2.) Gas including vapour- it do not occupy definite volume , it has ability to take the shape of the vessel containing them.   TYPES OF FLUID - it has 2 types 1. IDEAL FLUID - The fluid which are incomprehensible and have no viscosity and surface tension . These fluid are not exist because they are imaginary fluid. 2. REAL FLUID - The fluid which has fluid properties such as Viscosity , surface tension and compressible . These fluid are further classified as follows:- a.) Newtonian fluid - The fluid in which shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain . This fluid follow's Newton law of viscosity. b.) Non- Newtonian fluid- The fluid in which shear stress is not proportional to the rate of shear strain. C.) Ideal...

CHAPTER-1 (DEFINITION)

HYDRAULIC - It is a branch of engineering which deals with water at rest or in motion. The word hydraulic derive from Greek word ' Hudour' which means water. PNEUMATIC - It is a branch of engineering which deals with the action of compressd air or any other gas in operating various machine and equipment. 

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN S.I AND C.I ENGINES

Criteria S.I. Engine (Petrol or Spark Ignition Engine) C.I. Engine (Diesel or Compression Ignition Engine) Working Cycle Works on Otto Cycle or Constant Volume Cycle. Works on Diesel Cycle. Mixture During Suction Stroke Takes a mixture of air and petrol during the suction stroke. Takes only air during the suction stroke. Fuel Used Uses petrol as fuel. Uses diesel as fuel. Compression Ratio Has a compression ratio that varies from 6 to 10. Has a compression ratio that varies from 16 to 20. Engine Weight and Cost S.I. engines are lighter and cheaper. C.I. engines are heavier and costlier. Initial Cost Initial cost is lower compared to C.I. engines. Initial cost is high due to high compression ratio. Starting Starting is easy. Starting is difficult, especially in cold conditions. ...

LANCASHIRE BOILER

LANCASHIRE BOILER -   It is non portable fire tube type horizontal boiler. It consists of cylinder shells with two tubes A and B called Fire Tubes which are symmetrical in dimension. Each Fire Tubes Contain a furnace in front of it, there is a Grate over which fuel is burn. CONSTRUCTION - it is a stationary fire tube internally fired horizontal boiler. These boiler have a cylinder shell of 2m in diameter and it's length varies from 7.5m to 10m . It has two large internal fire tubes having diameter 80cm to 100 cm in which grate is situated. WORKING - The fuel is burn in a fire great and on burning the fuel combustion Process take place The fuel gas enter the main tube by the fire deflector. As the flue gas moves in tubes they heat up the tubes and water which is surrounded the tubes is also heated. After this process water is converted into steam. The steam is taken out from steam supply valve. Application - it is used in sugar mills and chemical industry. ADVANTAGES •  It...

FIRE AND WATER TUBE BOILER

Water Tube Boiler Fire Tube Boiler The rate of steam generation is high, up to 450 tonnes/hr The rate of steam generation is low, up to 9 tonnes/hr It generates steam at high pressure up to 165 bar It generates steam at low pressure, up to 24.5 bar Its overall efficiency is 90% Its overall efficiency is 70% Less water is required for steam generation More water is required for steam generation It is suitable for load fluctuations It is not suitable for load fluctuations Water flows in tubes which are surrounded by fire Fire flows in tubes which are surrounded by water Operating cost is high Operating cost is low Wall thickness is less Wall thickness is more Cost of installation is high Cost of installatio...